Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation). Definition Ĭlassical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). For example, it may affect the body's response to psychoactive drugs, the regulation of hunger, research on the neural basis of learning and memory, and in certain social phenomena such as the false consensus effect. Classical conditioning has been applied in other areas as well. Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the foundation of behaviorism, a school of psychology which was dominant in the mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of psychological therapy and the study of animal behavior. instrumental learning and human associative memory), a number of observations differentiate them, especially the contingencies whereby learning occurs. Though it is sometimes hard to distinguish classical conditioning from other forms of associative learning (e.g. ![]() Pavlovian conditioning is distinct from operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning), through which the strength of a voluntary behavior is modified, either by reinforcement or by punishment, however, classical conditioning can affect operant conditioning that classically conditioned stimuli can reinforce operant responses.Ĭlassical conditioning is a basic behavioral mechanism, and its neural substrates are now beginning to be understood. In the study of digestion, Pavlov observed that the experimental dogs salivated when fed red meat. The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning with detailed experiments with dogs, and published the experimental results in 1897. The term classical conditioning refers to the process of an automatic, conditioned response that is paired with a specific stimulus. ![]() food) is paired with a neutral stimulus (e.g. For other uses, see Pavlov's dog (disambiguation).Ĭlassical conditioning (also respondent conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent physiological stimulus (e.g. For the Pavlovian Upper Paleolithic culture, see Pavlovian culture. "Pavlov's dog" and "Pavlovian" redirect here.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |